EXISTENTIAL CLIMATE RISK

Reviews claim that the 193 countries plus the European Union attending the latest United Nations conference on climate change failed to curtail the risk of an existential catastrophe.

COP30 in Brazil closed with disagreements, especially regarding the use of fossil fuels.

While relatively insignificant on the global stage, Portugal is among the most advanced in promoting renewable sources of energy and eliminating all fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.

Positive aspects of the latest conference were the establishment of a Loss and Damage Fund aimed at helping developing countries with the impact of climate change. A calmer attitude was also adopted towards the many thousands of Indigenous-led protesters in the streets of the Brazilian capital, Belém, demanding urgent climate change action with the phase-out of fossil fuels.

However, there was a very significant number of fossil fuel lobbyists at the conference, and notable absences particularly from the United States whose president is famously in denial about climate change.

More than 30 years of talks since the supposedly pivotal Paris climate summit, greenhouse gas emissions are still expanding — and thus global temperatures are still rising. The 1.5 °C level has been dangerously passed.

While there was much resistance to progress, there was also “a clamour for change inside the COP30 climate negotiations,” according to the Reuters News Agency.

Forbes has been emphasising how people aged 30 and under are investigating and developing possible climate solutions.

Another COP critic says, “we need to turn away from jamborees around negotiations into really focused efforts to accelerate implementation,” one European negotiator said. “This is probably the last of the old COP and the beginning of the new.

GETTING RID OF PLASTICS

Now that the severe Storm Claudia has passed leaving much flooding, property and tree damage, and even deaths and injuries, Portugal must calmly look forward to another national problem in the months ahead.

 

The government will introduce a plastic bottle return (PBR) scheme on April 10th next year. The system will apply to single-use plastic bottles and aluminium or steel cans containing up to three litres.

 

It means that people will pay a deposit every time they buy such a beverage container and then receive their deposit back on returning it.

Supermarkets and food retail shops throughout mainland Portugal, as well as on the autonomous islands of Madeira and the Azores, will be involved.

 

The PDR scheme has been long delayed in being properly implemented in Portugal. However, at long last it will now follow the example set in 50 other countries, some of which, such as Germany, already have over 90% returns. The scheme is expected to grow rapidly next year in Portugal and include all types of plastic packaging.

 

For now, Portugal is cutting plastic use by banning such single-use items as plastic cutlery, plates, and polyester cups. It has also imposed a tax on non-reusable packaging. Businesses are being prompted through increasing legislation to make all types of plastics re-usable, recyclable or compostable.  Local communities and various organisations are busy implementing clean-ups and educational awareness programmes. 

 

 

SEVERE ATMOSPHERIC STORM

The severe solar and geomagnetic storms currently affecting much of Europe and North America are due to disturbances in the sun’s magnetic field.

Such storms can cause short or long-term power cuts and electronic communication disruptions. Longer blackouts occur when copper connectivity fails and damages equipment in the telecom networks.

 

On the positive side, solar storms produce beautiful auroras (northern lights) provided of course the night sky is relatively clear. Such lights have been seen in parts of  Portugal in the last few days.

Shortly after 10 pm on Tuesday November 11th an intense solar flare was observed. It was followed less than an hour later by a massive coronal ejection with a speed estimated to be around 1500 kilometres per second, arriving on earth the following evening or early next morning, according to several university analysists.

The geometric storm may continue to affect power grids, satellites and navigation systems, but the experts say it does not pose a direct biological risk to people.

The European Space Agency is closely monitoring this unusual space weather event and will keep us updated.  

AN INTERNATIONAL SPECIALIST ON IMMIGRATION ISSUES RESPONDS

 

 

Marla Barret

 

The issue of hate speech and hate crime is not just an issue of legal framework, but also one of societal values. As you rightly point out in your recent article Len,, the rise of hate speech, especially targeting marginalized groups like immigrants, racial minorities, and women, has been a growing concern across Europe, not only in Portugal.

The measures being introduced by the Judicial Police in Portugal are an encouraging step forward, but the reality remains that many hate crimes go unreported, which suggests there are deeper societal issues at play. The gap between prosecutions and unreported crimes speaks to the difficulty in addressing these deeply ingrained prejudices. This highlights the need for a more proactive approach, not just in law enforcement, but also in education and community outreach.

It's also crucial to recognize the connection between economic and social tensions and the rise of xenophobia. As you mention, the frustration that many local residents feel over housing and job competition can sometimes manifest as scapegoating of immigrant populations. While these issues are valid and deserve attention, it's important to avoid conflating economic insecurity with justifiable hatred. Tackling the root causes, like the housing crisis and inflation, can go a long way toward reducing the fertile ground in which hate speech can thrive.

Finally, the rise of political movements like Chega reminds us of the challenges that come with increasing nationalism and anti-immigrant rhetoric. In these times, it’s more important than ever to ensure that policies and public discourse promote inclusion and solidarity rather than division and exclusion. The EU-funded anti-hate crime project, alongside the collaboration with civil society, is a promising initiative that could set a strong example for how countries can collectively address this pressing issue.

It’s heartening to see that the Portuguese government is starting to take these matters more seriously, but as you rightly suggest, we must continue to push for comprehensive legislation that tackles both the immediate effects of hate speech and crime, and the deeper social divisions that fuel them.