Mozzies can buzz off, bees must stay

A world without mosquitoes would be a very much better place, but we are told that a world without honeybees would probably be a planet devoid of human habitation.

This is not the view of someone on holiday who has been exposed to too much sun. It is the considered opinion of many research scientists. If it is true, it is as relevant to us in southern Portugal as to everyone else across the globe.

Mosquitoes have been more irritating than usual in certain parts of the Algarve this summer. Infinitely more worrying elsewhere is that mosquitoes are responsible for spreading malaria, a disease that each year infects well over 200 million people and kills a million of them. And then there is potentially deadly yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya virus and West Nile virus, all caused by mosquitoes. 

Of the 3,500 or so species of mosquitoes in the world, none of those in mainland Portugal is lethal or even dangerous, although much farther to the south, many people have been infected by the dengue virus over the last 10 months in the Madeira archipelago. 

Malaria was eradicated from Portugal in the 1950s. A resurgence is possible in tandem with global warming, but the likelihood of this anytime soon is considered low. For now at least, mosquitoes on the Portuguese mainland are just a bloody nuisance.

Ecologists generally agree that insect-eating creatures that currently heavily depend on them for food would adapt rather than go hungry in a world without mosquitoes.

It would apparently be a different scenario in a world without honeybees.

The Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is credited with pollinating a third of the fruit and vegetables grown across Europe and North America. “We can thank them for one in every three mouthfuls of food we eat,” has become a popular way of expressing in the press.

Worryingly, populations of honeybees have collapsed in recent years. Scientists are not sure why. Pesticides, especially a new class of chemicals called nicotinoids, are high on the list of suspects. The European Commission has ordered a two-year ban on the use of nicotinoids.

Bacterial diseases, fungal infections and microscopic mites are also under investigation as possible causes. Portuguese specialists are very concerned too about a predatory species of wasp, Vespa velutina, which arrived in Europe from Asia in 2004 and has been rapidly spreading ever since. It is at the peak of its bee-killing activity at this time of year.

If bees are drastically depleted further, the crops most likely to suffer include those most commercially important in southern Portugal. Almonds are said to be totally dependent on bee pollination and citrus fruits heavily so.

Portugal’s 18,000 beekeepers are watching the situation closely, not least so in the Algarve, the largest honey producing area in the country.

Over ninety percent of Portuguese producers are non-professionals with less than 150 hives. The national daily newspaper Diário de Noticias recently quoted one of them, Gualdino Dias, 74, who is devoting more time to beekeeping now that he has retired. Producing large quantity of honey is laborious, he said, “because beekeeping is like music - it never ends.”

The trouble is, beekeeping may well end if ways are not found to check the current collapse in the bee population. At least that is how it is being generally reported.

Time magazine is running a six-page cover story in its latest edition headlined “A World Without Bees.” It quotes Jeff Pettis, the research leader at the US Department of Agriculture’s Bee Research Laboratory: “The take-home message is that we are very close to the edge. It’s a roll of the dice now.”

But hang on, is this not just another example of over-emotional sensationalism based on incomplete or wonky science?   Maybe. Maybe not.

Albert Einstein is widely quoted as having predicted long before there was any hint of a problem: “If the bee disappeared off the face of the earth, man would only have four years left to live.”

Actually, there is no documented evidence Einstein ever said this at all.

Camerons stay at Tatler ‘Top 50’ villa

 Now that British Prime Minister David Cameron and his family have returned home, it can be revealed without the risk of fuelling further sartorial excitement  that they chose to spend their summer holiday in the delightfully named and idyllically located Cabana dos Rouxinois (House of the Nightingales), between Monchique and the Algarve highest point, Foia.

They stayed with the English owners and another couple of friends with young children at a place described as “the ultimate family holiday retreat with all modern facilities” and featured in Tatler’s ‘Top 50 villas to rent’.

Sleeping eight in the main house and four children and a nanny in  a cottage, this “English country house set amidst  three hectares of beautiful garden” normally rents for £3,000 per week in July and August, plus £500 for the cottage.

A special feature of the property is the immaculately maintained garden, originally designed and planted 30 years ago by Mr and Mrs Michael Hornby, creators of the famous Pusey Garden of Oxfordshire.

The Camerons’ holiday was six months in the planning, with a local agency, Turifoia, also arranging accommodation in a nearby villa and hotels for members of the prime minister’s personal staff and security personnel.  

David Cameron, his wife Samantha and their three children clearly enjoyed their stay and in some respects were able to behave just like any other holidaying family. They bought their groceries at local supermarkets and ate at modest restaurants without causing too much of a stir.

The ruse of holding an initial photo opportunity in the public market in Aljezur, way over towards the west coast, failed to deflect the media from the Camerons’ real holiday whereabouts, but the family were able to fully relax thanks to CCTV cameras and a largish contingent of Portuguese police. 

How different it might all have been had the prime minister decided to holiday on the Costa del Sol. No sooner was he back in No.10 than he was confronted by escalating tensions with Spain over Gibraltar.

The prime minister's concerns arose after Madrid said it was preparing to impose a €50 fee on the border crossing with the British territory and threatened to close airspace to planes using the Gibraltar airport.

That would certainly mess up a few holidays.  

Exposed: British PM without socks

The media 'silly season' got off to a pulsating start with fascinating revelations about British Prime Minister David Cameron’s dress sense while on holiday in the Algarve with his wife Samantha and their three children.

At a time of the year when the British tabloids print even dafter rubbish than usual, The Sun ran the headline: “David Cameron kicks off hols with another fashion mishap.” The paper went on to report: “Strolling around the stalls at the Aljezur market on the Algarve, Samantha looked immaculate in an elegant green dress. In contrast, the PM, who’s become known for his holiday fashion mishaps, was so keen to wear his new shirt he forgot to iron out the creases from its packaging.”

The bit about the ironing was an exclusive. The other papers missed it. Most went so far as to acknowledge that the light denim shirt and knee-length shorts were a big improvement on his past holiday outfits.

“Through no fault of our own, summer dressing isn't something that comes naturally to us Brits,” admitted The Sun.

The Daily Mail noticed that “Cameron appeared slightly awkward in his holiday garb, but at least he’s not wearing those black work shoes again.”

To the Mail’s relief,  during his visit to the Aljezur market “Mr Cameron sported a pair of brown loafers (without any socks).” 

The paper reminded us that last year, the Prime Minister was ridiculed by fashion watchers for wearing dark cotton trousers and smart black work shoes during a family break to Majorca. After coming in for criticism for his stuffy holiday outfits in the past, his Algarve attire was certainly “a step in the right direction.”

The Daily Telegraph was the most effusive of the lot. “David Cameron listens to fashion critics on holiday wardrobe choices,” it trumpeted. It is no less than one would expect from a good Tory newspaper, of course.

News that the Camerons, like so many other budget-conscious tourists, had chosen to fly to Faro with Easyjet was wonderful publicity for the low-cost airline and for the flagging Algarve tourist industry, but one wonders what Ryanair’s Michael O’Leary made of it.

A press photo opportunity had been laid on for the media the day after the Camerons’ arrival. David and Samantha duly turned up casually dressed to be snapped ambling around Aljezur market having a look at a range of seafood.

Surprisingly, they decided to buy some fresh squid. The Portuguese regard squid as a delicacy, but ‘yuck!’ most Brits turn their noses up at it. The photos suggested the Camerons’ were not all that keen but decided it was a polite gesture to the host country to give it a go.

With the cameramen suitably placated, the Camerons drove back to their holiday retreat in the hills of Monchique where any further media intrusion was discouraged by round-the-clock security provided by police from both the Portuguese PSP and Scotland Yard.

Subsequent enquiries have failed to reveal whether the Camerons enjoyed their squid, if Samantha got around to ironing David’s shirt, or indeed what style of underpants he prefers.

In the interests of political transparency, I think we should be told. 

Crises, climate changes and calamities

Economic chaos, political scandals, social violence, revolutions and wars punctuated by natural disasters sparked by extreme weather conditions dominate the headlines across the world in the second decade of the 21st century.

So what’s new?

We tend to think we live in unique times, but the world has seen it all before. This fact is vividly portrayed in considerable detail by the distinguished British historian Geoffrey Parker in his latest book, Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century.

The big events during the unprecedented global crisis back then included the Thirty Years War in Europe, civil war in England, massacres in North America, the cruelty of the Inquisition, expansion of the African slave trade and devastating bubonic plagues.

There are plenty of modern parallels, such as 34 years of war in Afghanistan, civil war in Syria, massacres in Africa, extraordinary rendition and torture in the ‘war on terrorism’, international human trafficking and HIV/AIDS.

At this time four centuries ago Portugal was under Spanish rule, but some would argue that this was less harmful than being a member of the eurozone and succumbing to the Brussels-based ‘Troika’.

There is a familiar ring today to the 17th century Ottoman historian Haji Khalifa’s description of his homeland as being “sick because of corruption, high taxation and oppression of the masses.”

Fairly sophisticated printing presses back then facilitated the spread of opinion from other critical thinkers such as Galileo and Isaac Newton, though not with the same efficiently that all and sundry can now air their views via social media.

The early 17th century was the so-called Age of Reason, precursor of the Age of Enlightenment. Whatever became of it? Much of the world in the early 21st century is still steeped in mythology and superstition.

Compared with troubled countries with much longer histories, such as Egypt and Greece, Portugal still remains relatively calm and organised, but there is no end in sight to the simmering economic, social and political turmoil here.

And then there is the added danger of climate change.

Life in the 17th century was made worse not by global warming but by global cooling. Longer and harsher winters followed by cooler and wetter summers disrupted growing seasons. Famine, malnutrition and disease wiped out an estimated one third of the world’s population.

Geoffrey Parker, a professor of history at Ohio State University, and a fellow of the British Academy, the Spanish-American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Cadiz) and the Royal Academy of History (Madrid), has brought a new perspective to our understanding of economic, social and political upheavals.

According to his publisher, Yale University Press, “Parker’s demonstration of the link between climate change and worldwide catastrophe 350 years ago stands as an extraordinary historical achievement. And the contemporary implications of his study are equally important: are we at all prepared today for the catastrophes that climate change could bring tomorrow?”

From Portugal’s standpoint, the answer must surely be ‘no’.  You don’t have to be a merchant of doom to realise that history suggests Portugal could be facing mayhem.

A few Portuguese academics have warned, for example, that in the decades ahead global warming is likely to greatly deplete water resources, perhaps with a devastating impact on tourism, agriculture and other primary sources of revenue in southern Portugal.

Do such things enter the mindset of today’s decision-makers in Lisbon? Fixated on austerity measures that aren’t working and the possibility of needing a second bailout, most of them can probably think no further ahead than the next visit by Troika assessors in a few weeks time.

Wine corks set to make a comeback

Good news for the wildlife in Portugal’s cork oak forests, for everyone working in the country’s cork industry and for those of us who are fed up with corkscrews.

In the international wine market, the use of screw caps has soared in recent years to the detriment of cork stoppers. The consequences looked dire for Portugal, which produces half of the cork harvested annually in the world. Much of the best quality is harvested between May and the end of August in the Algarve.

A heavy sigh of relief followed the unveiling at the International Vinexpo wine fair in Bordeaux last month of a remarkably simple invention.

So far, revelations about the new “twist-to-open” Helix wine cork have been generally well received. They will “revolutionise the world of corks,” according to the Portuguese weekly Expresso.

“Just when you thought that mankind’s genius could go no further, four years of research has given birth to a new apex in cork innovation,” reported Gizmodo.com in an article headlined, “They've invented a twist-off wine cork and life will never be the same.”

“Hurrah!” shouted the Huffington Post, adding that the unveiling begged the question - “why has it taken so long?”

The Portuguese cork producer Amorim and the US glass container manufacturer O-I, described their joint concept as “a high performing and sophisticated wine packaging solution.” The response during tests with connoisseurs has been “overwhelmingly positive,” they say, adding that market research shows that 94% of consumers in the US and 90% in France prefer cork stoppers.

In essence, a thread finish on both cork and bottle make opening and closing a Helix stopper as easy as winding a screw cap. Corkscrews will simply become museum pieces.

Crucially to traditionalists - and despite all the talk of innovation - Helix corks ‘pop’ in the same way as the old–fashioned ones.

Noting that cork grows on trees and so “fits with wine's earthiness,” the BBC’s News Magazine commented: “A scientist might talk about the explosive pop of a wine cork in terms of pressure or elasticity. But for wine lovers, the distinctive creak and pop means something good is happening. It triggers associations - social intimacy, relaxation, nuanced aromas, celebration - that go far beyond just a slug of alcohol.”

One of the big claims of screw caps was they did not allow ‘cork taint.’ Well, neither do Helix twisters. The results of extensive testing showed “no alteration in terms of taste, aroma or colour,” say the makers.

They also point to Helix’s ‘green’ credentials. Legally controlled cork harvesting involves harmlessly stripping only part of the outer bark of cork oak trees once every nine years. Glass bottles, of course, are easily recycled.

“We are delighted to offer the market not only a 100% renewable, modern product, but also a solution that enhances the wine drinking experience through opening and resealing convenience,” says António Amorim, chairman and CEO of the Amorim group.

Founded in 1870 and based near Oporto, Amorim is the world’s largest manufacturer of cork stoppers, supplying more than 15,000 customers across 82 countries, through a network of fully owned subsidiaries in every wine market around the world.

O-I stands for Owens-Illinois, Inc., the world's largest glass container manufacturer with revenues last year of $7.0 billion. Headquartered in Perrysburg, Ohio, it employs 22,500 people at 79 plants in 21 countries.

In an era in which almost everyone seems to be in rowdy conflict over almost everything, it is refreshing to hear that “the future of innovation is through collaboration.” So says O-I’s European president Erik Bouts. “Helix is a proven example of what can be achieved for consumers and the wine trade when the world’s leading companies in glass packaging and cork work together.”

A word of warning though: don’t throw away your corkscrew just yet. Helix corks may not be widely available for a year or two. 

A rare exhibition by artist Colin Figue

  Colin Figue, an outstanding artist of international repute who has lived in the Algarve for nearly four decades, is soon to hold his first public exhibition here since 1989.

While best known for large abstract sculptures in marble, his month-long exhibition opening 20^th July in the Galeria Santo António, Monchique, will feature paintings and welded iron sculptures.

The Monchique display will be a rare opportunity for those who have not had the pleasure of visiting Figue’s private studio and sculpture garden near Carvoeiro. 

It was while studying at the School of Sculpture in the Royal Academy of Art in London in the 1960s that Figue began to feel a sense of vocation and what sculpture could be.

He describes it now as “the feeling that life was infinitely more meaningful and profound than it appeared on the surface, that everything was somehow connected, the inner space of the mind, dream and reflection fusing with the world at large and the boundless mystery of space and time. 

“Men were landing on the moon and challenging our preconceptions. It seemed that making sculpture could be like trying to split the atom, a continual voyage of exploration and discovery. I bought a magnifying glass and started to look more closely at things and to discover forgotten links already written in stone.”

Private patronage allowed him to travel, study and create in Spain and Brazil as well in England. Through his retired parents who were then living in the Algarve, he discovered the quality of light and other special features still so appreciated by artists here today.

His love of southern Portugal was enhanced in 1974 when the already well-established Irish painter and author Patrick Swift of Porches Pottery fame encouraged him to come and work here.

During many of his post-Royal Academy adventures, Figue was accompanied by his girlfriend, later his wife, Mort, a painter and ceramic artist. In 1977 and again in 1979, the British Council awarded them both scholarships that gave the opportunity of working in the marble quarries of the Alentejo. It was there that he produced his first large-scale sculptures.

Since setting up home and studio near Carvoeiro he has interspersed long periods of secluded creativity with trips abroad to explore foreign cultures and to participate in international symposiums in places as diverse as China, Guatemala, Dubai, Turkey, Korea, Morocco and Germany. He is represented with sculptures in public collections in countries such as Belize, France, Italy, Slovakia, Japan, Taiwan, India and Lebanon.

Meeting other artists abroad has “mitigated the fact that I chose the edge of Europe as my home base. It has taken me out of cultural isolation,” he says.

 “Harmonious, timeless, perfect, the sculptures of Colin Figue are rooted in the classical tradition,” wrote the English painter Richard Caston in previewing a retrospective exhibition of his work at the British Council in Lisbon in 1994. Caston described Figue, who has the distinction of being an elected member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors, as “first and foremost a carver of stone, one of the finest working today.”

A very different side of his work will be on show in Monchique. “A few of the paintings  date back to the mid-nineties and were fired up by my first visit to India in 1995,” he says. “I was overwhelmed by the brilliance of light and colour there and the way they are used in acts of celebration and devotion. Back in my studio I searched for a palette and began to experiment with oils and acrylics and a mix of media.

“The iron pieces are from 2004. In contrast to my usual choice of stone as material for sculpture, these works are like three dimensional drawings, projections into space that cast  changing shadows suggesting cyclic motion and the passage of time.”

Having turned 70 this year, Figue says he is slowing down in some respects. “I am spending more time painting, but with the same sense of purpose and conviction and wonder at the universe we inhabit that I felt as a student.”

* The Galeria Santo António is opposite the post office and near the market in central Monchique. The  exhibition opens at 8.0pm on 20th July. It will run until 21st August, Tuesdays to Sundays 10.0am-12.20pm, 3.30pm-7.0pm. The iron sculptures will remain on show until 20^th October.

Anyone wishing to visit Figue’s studio and sculpture garden at Chamuscas, Estrada de Benagil, Lagoa, can either drop by with the chance of finding him at home, or call to make an appointment: 282 341628.

Artist’s website:

http://www.lightyears.org.uk/

The woman at the centre of the storm

No sooner had she been appointed minister of finance than the most senior woman in the Portuguese cabinet found herself at the heart of a political eruption that threatened to bring down the government and derail the bailout recovery process.

Less than 24 hours after the surprise resignation of Minister of Finance Vitor Gaspar, the foreign minister and leader of the junior party in the governing coalition, Paulo Portas, announced he was resigning too.  Real fears of a dramatic government collapse threw European financial markets into turmoil.

Gaspar had had enough of the persistent opposition to his efforts to get the country out of its financial and economic mess.

The reported pretext for Portas quitting was the appointment of Treasury Secretary Maria Luis Albuquerque as Gaspar’s successor.

So who is this previously little-known woman, pictured right, who suddenly found herself in such a pivotal role in the country’s future?

First of all, she is one of a substantial gender minority in the Portuguese parliament. Two years ago, MPs elected Assunção Esteves as the first-ever female Speaker in a parliament in which men outnumbered woman 168 to 62.

Portugal currently ranks 32^nd in the world parliamentary gender equality rankings. That is only a little better than Afghanistan, but much better than the United Kingdom, and very much better than Ireland or the United States. 

Born in Braga in 1967, Albuquerque spent six of her school years in Mozambique. After graduating in economics in Lisbon, she went on to specialise and gain a master's degree in monetary and financial economics.

Having worked in both academia and in public service, in 2011 she became the first secretary of state at the Treasury. As such, she strongly supported the polices of Gaspar to meet the bailout targets. Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho deemed her to be the best person to continue at the helm of the government’s programme to avoid bankruptcy.

While little known to the general public, Albuquerque, 46, is a familiar face to members of the ECB, EU and IMF ‘Troika’. The Financial Times quoted a senior EU official as saying: “She’s got a strong grasp of economic policy and has been a key figure as state secretary through tough times.” The official added that Gaspar’s tenure came “during the most challenging circumstances, which always consumes political capital.”

Whatever Portas’ objection to Albuquerque and the likelihood that she was intent on continuing severe and highly unpopular austerity measures, “a viable solution” seems to have been sorted. “A formula was found to maintain government stability,” Passos Coelho said on Thursday after a series of crisis meetings.

It had been a close call. The opposition had already proposed a general election to coincide with local voting scheduled for September 29. The prophets of doom were warning that on top of the troubles in Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Italy, Slovenia and Ireland, Portugal could be forced to ask for another bailout loan or even forced out of the eurozone.

For Maria Luis Albuquerque, married to a journalist and with three children including twins, life at home may not be quite the same for the foreseeable future. With a summer of discontent looming across Europe, and temperatures in Portugal this weekend forecast to soar to more than 40ºC, relaxing by the pool or sunbathing on the beach will probably not be an option.